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The integration of ancient and modern literature: The notes of Zheng Xuan’s history and historic value
Author: Wang Gaoxin Ma Xinyue
Source: “Qiushi Journal” No. 5, 2019
Time: Confucius was the 2570th year of the Gengzi period on April 23rd, Wuzi
Zheng Xuan’s remarks are important for ancient Chinese, and also for modern Chinese, which reveals his academic characteristics that are widely used to learn from the public and integrate modern Chinese. Zheng Xuan’s book not only has major contributions to the development of academic studies, and has major historical value. The historical value of this kind of historical notes in the book also clearly shows the academic characteristics of the integration of ancient and modern literature: on the one hand, Zheng Xuan focused on the training and historical examination of famous objects based on the academic practice of ancient literature, and his book notes retained a large number of historical materials to evaluate the ancient three. History of the times was given to the basis; on the other hand, his notes on the books contained rich historical thoughts, his publicity of the king’s authority, the construction of the ancient history system, and the development of the thought of the rule of the rule, all of which were able to integrate ancient Chinese to explain the development of history.
Keywords: Zheng Xuan/Records of Books/Integration of Modern and Ancient Literature/Integration/History Value
Title notes: The key research base of the Education and Guidance Department “Teaching and Inheritance of China’s Modern History”.
Author introduction: Wang Bao HaowangGao Xin, a professor and doctoral supervisor at the Beijing Teachers’ School of History, a doctoral supervisor at the School of History and History; Ma Xinyue, a doctoral student at the School of History and Beijing Teachers’ School of History
Zheng Xuan was an ancient Chinese master in the Donghan period, and had a significant academic position and influence in the history of academic development. The Donghan Ancient Literature School is very happy, and the relationship between the modern and ancient Chinese language school is both in opposition and in a certain level of integration. Zheng Xuan’s remarks and the theory of modern and ancient Chinese, has brought about the main promotion and influence of the integration and unity of modern Chinese, and has formed the “small division” of Zheng. In addition to having major contributions to academic development, Zheng Xuan’s historical value is also very prominent. In the past, the academic community had many discussions on Zheng Xuan’s academic achievements, ① However, he paid less attention to the historical value of his own books, especially the relationship between his historical value and academic characteristics. This article aims to make a specific explanation of the notes and historical values of Zheng Xuan’s book and historic values based on the research and development of later generations.
1. The characteristics of the notes of the book that integrate the modern and modern Chinese essays
The protrusion of the development of Donghan academic research is the characteristic of the contradiction and integration of ancient and modern literature. On the one hand, the development of Donghan school has continued to the tradition of Xihan using the current literary school as an official school. When Donghan was founded, it was established as an official school in the current literature. “The Book of Later Han·Su Lin” is recorded. During Emperor Guangwu, “Doctors of the Five Books were established, each of whom was taught by family law. The Book of Changes includes Shi, Meng, Liangqiu, and Jingshi, “Shangshu” Europe and Qingxiahou, “Pen” Qi, Lu, and Korea, “Ru” was carefully and beautiful, “Year” was serious.” During the reign of Emperor Hanzhang, he “meeted the Confucianism in the White Tiger” and explored the differences of the “Five Sessions”. In the end, the content of the general meeting was written into “White Tiger Tongyi”. The important content in this was mainly based on the current literature and recorded a large number of written contents, which strengthened the theology of today’s literature. On the other hand, the ancient Chinese learning during the Donghan period was very prosperous, and the ancient Chinese books were paid attention to. While convening the White Tiger Attendance Conference, Emperor Hanzhang “was also a talented student who was admitted to “Ancient Literature Shangshu”, “Mao Poetry”, “Bian Liang” and “Zuo’s Age”. Although he did not become a vocational official, he was promoted to the top and gave him a close account, so he was very generous and spread his talents to the public.” ② It can be seen that although the ancient Chinese language learning was not established at that time, it had also gained attention and approval from the rulers. Moreover, with the rise of Donghan Ancient Literature, a large number of talented ancient Chinese scholars such as Du Lin, Wu Hong, Zheng Guo, Ja Kui, Ma Rong, and Zheng Xuan appeared. They had a profound study on “Ancient Literature Shangshu”, “Mao Poetry”, “Zhou Rong”, “Zuo Yu”, and other ancient Chinese scholars, and also wrote commentary on them.
From the perspective of academic characteristics, modern and ancient Chinese studies have clear differences in the nature of the book and the interpretation of the article. Modern Chinese studies seek subtle meanings and emphasize the exploration of meaning from chapters and sentences; while ancient Chinese studies focus on the interpretation of famous objects and emphasize the examination of the content of chapters and sentences. The differences in academic views led to the current and ancient Chinese schools in the East and Han Dynasties. In this regard, Pi Xirui wrote in “History of the Study”:
The Han Chinese studies can be entrusted with the recent ancient times. According to the fourteenth doctoral scholar, there is always a teacher’s inheritance; Liu Xin was proficient in ancient Chinese, and his words were derived from the current study. However, today’s learning is to adhere to the current school door, and ancient school is to follow the ancient school door. In modern learning, ancient learning is the method of changing the teacher, and in ancient times, modern learning is the method of “the party is jealous of the truth.” If we attack each other, we will not be confused. ③
It can be seen that from the development of academic development to the Donghan period, the two schools of modern literature and ancient literature have formed a mutually opposed situation, and the dispute between modern literature and ancient literature has gradually changed from the argumentative evolution of academic views to the struggle between schools and even political schools. Both of them guard the door and attack each other.
As far as DonghanThere are more clear school plans for modern literature and ancient literature, but this does not seem to mean that modern literature and ancient literature are completely separated, and the two are still integrated in academic practice. Especially from the governance characteristics of many ancient Chinese scholars during the Donghan period, they all have a clear direction of integrating modern Chinese and modern Chinese. For example, although Ja Kui studied ancient Chinese, the “Later Han Book” records that he “educated by “The Book of Xiahou Shang”. Although it is an ancient Chinese, he is also familiar with the statements of “The Book of Wuliang” by five schools.” ④ Although Xu Shen “saiwen” says that it is ancient,” ⑤ “The Five Differences are divided into modern texts and ancient texts very clearly”, ⑥ Dan Pi Xirui also pointed out that he “saiwen conquered Korea and Lu, and was not the only one of Mao Gong; “The Legend of the Cong” lists “Year”, but is not the special “Zuoshi”. ⑦Ma Rong wrote “Three Generations of Age”, which obviously also discussed “Gongyang Festival” and “Muliang Festival” belonging to the modern text. He also collected the modern and ancient texts when he was annotating the “Book of Changes” and “Shangshu”. It can be seen that the ancient Chinese language learning in Donghan has the characteristics of general learning. ⑧ By the end of Dong and Han, the integration of ancient and modern literature became more and more obvious. As the Xuan of Zheng was widely read, the modern and ancient literature learning of the Han Dynasty had a “small one-size-fits-all” situation.
Zheng Xuan (127-200), whose courtesy name was Kangcheng, was from Gaomi, Beihai (now Gaomi, Shandong). Zheng Xuan went to Taixue to study in the early years. He first learned “Jingshi Yi”, “Gongyang Year”, “Three Sects”, and “Nine Chapters of Calculation”, and then learned “Zhou Guan”, “Legends”, “Zuoshi Year”, “Korean Poetry
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